By: Brian G. Chilton, PhD | June 21, 2026
Michel-Yves Bollore’ and Olivier Bonnassies recently wrote a massive treatise defending the existence of God titled God: The Science, the Evidence—The Dawn of a Revolution. Three things are very intriguing about this book. First, neither Bollore nor Bonnassies is a theologian. In fact, both are notable scientists. Bollore serves as a computer engineer and has a master's and a doctorate from the University of Paris Dauphine. Bonnassies is a graduate of Polytechnique (X86) and the Institut Catholique de Paris with a license in theology. Bonnassies started up numerous businesses over the span of his career.
Both Bollore and Bonnassies approach the topic of God from a strictly scientific perspective. In their massive tome, they offer many reasons to believe in the God of the Christian faith. Their main argument is that everything that exists either comes from one of two alternatives—blind chance or divine design. If the evidence suggests one or the other, a rational person should accept the conclusion. Evidence strongly suggests that the universe and life were designed. Therefore, rational people should accept that the universe has been divinely designed by God.
What is especially interesting is that much of their information is new or less known to those in the strict apologetics realm. Sure, they include cosmological and design arguments. But they do so in a fresh and compelling manner. In this article, I will mention four pieces of argumentation that may not be readily known by most modern apologists.
I. The Impossibility of Blind Chance to Account for Extreme Probabilities
While the odds against the universe beginning by chance alone are not necessarily unique, some of the material that Bollore and Bonnassies offer is. Often, apologists only focus on either the cosmological odds for the universe’s beginning or the biological odds against the origin of life. However, the two scientists offer a powerful argument for divine design by addressing both.
Consider the odds of the initial ratio between the amount of energy in the universe and its rate of expansion. At the precise instance of the Big Bang, Bollore and Bonnaisses explains that the universe "already had a fixed quantity of energy and a precise, unchanging rate of expansion. Now, the ratio between the two is extremely important because if the Universe’s expansion had been even slightly weaker at that moment, the newborn cosmos would have collapsed upon itself under the force of gravitation well before it could reach its current size."[1] This phenomenon is not just something that was observed by two scientists who are open to the truths of the Christian faith. Rather, the phenomenon was noted by Alan Guth, Professor of Physics at MIT. Guth noted that the “expansion rate really had to be just right to 15 decimal places, or else the universe would fly apart too fast for any structure to form or re-collapse too fast for any structure to form.”[2] Just what are the odds that the universe would have such a precise rate of expansion? In the Planck era, which occurred just 10-43 seconds after the Big Bang, the exact value would have been 1.000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,001.[3]
Bollore and Bonnassies also note that cosmological constant is one of the finest tuned examples of fine-tuning that exists. It must be set to such an extraordinarily precise manner that the odds of it appearing naturally is one in a billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion, billion.[4]
But here’s the thing. As absurdly improbable that the universe could have come into existence by blind chance, the case gets even worse for the materialist when considering the emergence of life. Take one example into consideration. The odds that the 2,000 enzymes needed for life could self-assemble by chance alone is a ridiculous 1 in 1040,000.[5] That is ten with 40,000 zeroes behind it. The odds that a simple living cell could arise by blind chance is 1 in 10340.000.[6] The data is so staggering that Anthony Flew abandoned his militant atheism toward the end of his life and adopted a form of deism. Flew confessed, “I think the DNA material [shows], by the almost unbelievable complexity of the arrangements which are needed to produce life, that intelligence must have been involved in getting these extraordinarily diverse elements to work together.”[7]
II. The Necessity of an Absolute Beginning of Any Universe
Even though many have sought to propose alternatives to the Big Bang (the idea that the universe had an absolute beginning point),[8] no less than five fields have shown that the universe must have had a starting point. And at this starting point, all matter, time, and laws of nature came into being. Borde, Vilenkin, and Guth presented a theorem, known as the BVG theorem, which shows that any and all possible universes must have a starting point, even including a multiverse.[9] In addition to the BVG theorem, these five fields add additional support. The five fields include thermodynamics, cosmology, philosophy, mathematics, and physics.
Thermodynamics holds that the universe is heading toward a thermal death. Since this event has not occurred yet, then it means that the past is not infinite. Therefore, thermodynamics argues that the universe had a beginning point in time.[10]
In cosmology, the work of multiple scientists have maintained that the universe has been expanding. If the universe is expanding, then it must have been smaller ages ago. Eventually, the universe must have had an origin point. The work of Borde, Guth, Vilenkin, along with Penrose and Hawking’s work on singularities have all shown the universe’s finite past.[11]
Philosophers such as John Philoponus and Thomas Aquinas have argued quite convincingly that a real infinity in space-time cannot exist. How then does God exist in an infinite past? The answer is that God is pure act, whereas infinite time exists as a potential infinity.
Mathematician David Hilbert and the mathematicians at the Mathematical Society of Westphalia showed that actual infinities in space-time result in absurdities like the famed Hilbert’s Hotel. Thus, an infinite in this space-time with all its nuances and entropy does not yield a possibility for an eternal universe.[12]
Lastly, physics holds the finite nature of this universe in several areas. The Theory of Relativity maintains that nothing can exceed the speed of light. Therefore, infinite speed cannot exist in this realm as we know it.[13] Also, the universe is likely a hypersphere in shape. The universe’s shape as a sphere is held with a confidence level of 99%.[14] Given the universe’s expansion rate as a hypersphere, it is almost certain that the universe had an origin point. Therefore, the universe began to exist at some point. Since the universe also holds astounding evidence for design, God is the best answer for why anything exists at all.
III. The Inaccessible Truths of the Bible
Bollore and Bonnassies’ book largely deals with scientific evidence for the existence of God related to cosmology and design. However, they also dive into a bit of history and theology. The authors mention some issues regarding the unique nature of Scripture that I had not personally considered. The Bible contains many human inaccessible truths. An inaccessible truth is one that is counterintuitive (that is, contrary to what human senses would perceive), unable to be reasoned to be true at the time, and is eventually shown to be true. Some of these inaccessible truths that are demonstrated in the Bible include the Sun and Moon’s existence as ordinary objects rather than divine beings, the beginning of the universe, the unidirectional nature of time, mankind is made out of matter and also has a spirit, the disavowal to worship rivers, mountains, and other natural objects as divine beings, the development of the world and universe in stages, all people came from two individuals, and that people from all places have inherent worth and value.[15] Numerous other inaccessible truths could be noted, but these will suffice for now.
IV. Archaeological Evidence at Vesuvius Showing the Presence of Early Christianity
Last, but certainly not least, Bollore and Bonnassies mentioned an archaeological find near Mount Vesuvius that shows the early expansion of Christianity. In 1938, archaeologists uncovered an ancient Christian chapel in the home of a citizen of Herculaneum. The city was completely buried by the pyroclastic cloud of Mount Vesuvius when it erupted in AD 79. The room in the House of Bicentenary features a cross centered in a lighter-colored square just above what appears to be a dresser of some sort. The eruption of Vesuvius is well-documented. Therefore, the chapel in the House of Bicentenary proves beyond a reasonable doubt that Christianity was in Rome well before AD 100.
Conclusion
Let me first say that I highly recommend picking up a copy of Bollore and Bonnassies’ book God: The Science, the Evidence—The Dawn of a Revolution. It is a massive book, but it is well worth your time and effort. Seeing all the data, each person is forced to ask themselves whether the evidence supports the existence of God and supports the Christian faith. Ultimately, each person must evaluate the evidence and decide for oneself. But as far as I go, the evidence that God exists, the world was designed intelligently, and that Jesus is the Son of God is well beyond reasonable doubt.
About the Author
Dr. Brian G. Chilton (PhD, Liberty University) is the founder of Bellator Christi Ministries and the co-host of the Bellator Christi Podcast. He serves as a hospice chaplain and an Adjunct Professor of Apologetics for Carolina College of Biblical Studies, a Dissertation Mentor/Adjunct Professor for Liberty University in the PhD in Applied Apologetics program, and an Adjunct Professor/Dissertation Reader at Carolina University in the DMin program. Dr. Chilton's primary area of research is on early Christianity, oral traditions, NT creeds, the blend of divine sovereignty and human freedom, and near-death experiences (NDEs).
https://www.amazon.com/Laymans-Manual-Christian-Apologetics-Essentials/dp/1532697104
https://www.amazon.com/Conversations-about-Heaven-Difficult-Questions/dp/1666762687
https://www.amazon.com/Creationism-Still-Matters-Brian-Chilton/dp/B0D69LB9BV
Notes
[1] Michel-Yves Bollore and Olivier Bonnassies, God: The Science, the Evidence—The Dawn of a Revolution, Rebecca M. Jones and Christine Elizabeth Jones, trans (Luxembourg: Palomar, 2025), 195.
[2] Alan Guth, “Inflation and the New Era of High-Precision Cosmology,” MIT Physics Annual (2002): 2–39.
[3] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 193.
[4] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 202.
[5] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 254.
[6] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 254.
[7] Anthony Flew and Roy Abraham Varghese, “How Did Life Go Live?,” in There Is a God, Part II (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 256.
[8] These alternatives include cyclical universes, many-worlds, Big Crunch hypothesis, boundless Universe theory, M-theory (or the multiverse theory), and loop quantum gravity to name a few.
[9] MIT Technology Review, April 12, 2012.
[10] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 119.
[11] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 119.
[12] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 121.
[13] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 122.
[14] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 123; “Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology,” Nature (2018).
[15] Bollore and Bonnassies, God, 341.
